Chapter 1: General Health and Safety Requirements

Learning Objectives

• Identify employer, supervisor, and worker responsibilities related to general workplace safety when planning and conducting blasting operations.
• Explain workers' right to refuse unsafe work.
• Describe WorkSafeBC blasting certification requirements and qualifications for new and existing workers as well as trainers.
• Explain blaster requirements for continued professional development.
• Describe workplace health and safety program requirements.
• Identify how to manage health and safety risks.
• Describe the purpose of a health and safety program and its components.
• Discuss the role of ongoing education and training in blasting operations.
• Describe supervisor responsibilities for training workers under their supervision.
• Describe the purpose and goal of workplace inspections.
• Describe how to conduct an inspection and what to inspect.
• Explain the minimum requirements for providing first aid at blasting operations.
• Describe the role of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a last line of defence in a health and safety program.
• Describe what PPE workers may need to use and why.
• Distinguish between worker and employer responsibilities related to limb and body protection.
• Describe the purpose and function of health and safety meetings.
• Explain the purpose of an emergency response plan.
• Discuss the reason for maintaining statistical data and health and safety records.
• Describe the purpose of incident investigations and how they are conducted.

Responsibilities

Everyone in the workplace has health and safety responsibilities, including employers, supervisors, and workers.

Employers

General Workplace Safety

Employers have the following responsibilities:

• Ensure the health and safety of workers at the worksite.
• Identify workplace hazards, and assess the risks of injury associated with those hazards.
• Remedy any workplace conditions that are hazardous to workers' health or safety.
• Write safe work procedures, and implement risk controls.
• Provide workers and supervisors with the information, instruction, training, and supervision necessary to ensure their health and safety.
• Keep written records of training (detailing who, what, and when).
• Establish and maintain an occupational health and safety program, including a written health and safety policy and a procedure for incident investigations.
• Support supervisors, safety coordinators, and workers in their health and safety activities.
• Take action immediately when a worker or supervisor reports a potentially hazardous situation.
• Initiate immediate investigations into incidents.
• Provide adequate first aid facilities and services.
• Provide and maintain personal protective equipment (PPE), clothing, and devices as required.
• Ensure that workers are made aware of:
  • All known or reasonably foreseeable health or safety hazards to which they are likely to be exposed by their work.
  • Their rights and duties under B.C.'s Workers Compensation Act and Occupational Health and Safety Regulation.
• Ensure that workers follow the requirements of the Act and the Regulation, and that they have access to these documents.

WorkSafeBC provides a free OHS Regulation app for iOS and Android devices. For more information, search for "OHS Regulation app" on worksafebc.com.

Planning and Conducting Blasting Operations

Employers also have specific responsibilities for planning and conducting blasting operations.

An employer must ensure that all activities of a blasting operation are planned and conducted in a manner consistent with the Regulation and recognized safe blasting practices. This requirement also applies to every person who has knowledge and control of any particular activity in a blasting operation.

The planning must:

• Include procedures for identifying and addressing potential misfires.
• Include any exposure controls required by Part 5 or 6 of the Regulation.
• Identify any work activities or conditions at the workplace where there is a known or reasonably foreseeable risk to persons or property.
• Be completed before work begins on the relevant activity.
• Be documented.

If changes to workplace activities or conditions create risks to people or property, then the written plan must be updated as soon as practicable to identify and address those risks. The updated written plan must be readily available to workers.

In the Regulation: The Regulation defines practicable as "that which is reasonably capable of being done."

Employers must also do the following:

• Assign work only to competent workers.
• Ensure that workers engaged in loading, unloading, or transporting explosives are trained in the following:
  • The proper means for handling the explosives.
  • The hazards of mishandling or fire.
  • The procedures to follow in the event of a fire or explosion.

In the Regulation: If a worker is or may be exposed to potentially harmful levels of certain substances (e.g., silica dust, asbestos), the employer must ensure that a risk assessment is conducted by a qualified person. The employer must also ensure that an exposure control plan (ECP) is developed and implemented. An ECP is required under section 5.57 of the Regulation and must meet the requirements of section 5.54 of the Regulation.

Supervisors

Supervisors have the following responsibilities:

• Ensure the health and safety of workers under their direct supervision.
• Know the requirements of the Regulation that apply to the work they're supervising.
• Ensure that workers under their direct supervision are informed about all hazards in the workplace and that they comply with the Regulation.
• Consult and co-operate with the joint health and safety committee (or worker health and safety representative, if applicable).
• Co-operate with WorkSafeBC and its officers.

Workers

Workers have the following responsibilities:

• Take reasonable care to protect their health and safety and that of others who may be affected by their actions.
• Comply with the Regulation and other legal requirements.
• Follow established safe work procedures.
• Use any required PPE.
• Refrain from horseplay or similar conduct that may endanger others.
• Don't work if impaired (for example, by drugs or alcohol).
• Report accidents and other incidents (such as near misses) to the supervisor.
• Report to the supervisor or employer any of the following:
  • A hazard that might endanger others.
  • A problem with protective equipment or clothing.
  • A violation of the Regulation or other legal requirements.
• Co-operate with the joint health and safety committee (or worker health and safety representative, if applicable).
• Co-operate with WorkSafeBC and its officers.

Refusing Unsafe Work

As a worker, you have the right to refuse unsafe work. In fact, you must not carry out (or cause to be carried out) any task you have reasonable cause to believe would create an undue hazard to the health and safety of any person.

If you discover an unsafe condition or believe you're expected to perform an unsafe act, you must immediately report it to a supervisor or your employer. A supervisor or employer who receives such a report must investigate the matter immediately. If there is an unsafe condition, it must be corrected without delay.

Sometimes a supervisor or employer may not agree that a task is dangerous. In this case, sections 3.12 and 3.13 of the Regulation describe the steps to be followed.

Workers must not be disciplined for refusing to perform tasks they have reasonable cause to believe are dangerous. You may be assigned other work at no loss in pay while the reported unsafe condition is being investigated.

Certification Requirements

In B.C., initial or new blasting certifications are issued for a period of two years. When a certificate expires, the blaster must write and pass another blasting exam to be recertified. Renewal blasting certifications are issued for a period of up to five years. WorkSafeBC may apply restrictions to any blasting certification as needed.

Under section 21.8 of the Regulation, each candidate for a blaster's certificate must:

• Be at least 18 years of age.
• Forward written proof acceptable to the examining officer that:
  • The candidate has taken a minimum of 8 hours of training relating to the safe handling of explosives.
  • The candidate has passed a background check.
  • The candidate has one of the following:
    • At least 6 months of experience in blasting operations as an assistant to a blaster.
    • The knowledge, qualifications, and experience to make the candidate competent to handle explosives.

Before attempting to write or rewrite a blasting exam, applicants must be knowledgeable about Part 21 of the Regulation as well as this handbook. Other important material can be found in the following:

• Explosives manufacturers' technical data sheets (TDSs)
• The federal Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations
• The federal Explosives Act and Regulations
• The B.C. Motor Vehicle Act and Regulations

For more information on blaster certification, including documentation requirements, see the Blaster certification webpage at worksafebc.com.

For information on certification for mining operations, contact the B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation.

Qualifications for Trainers

The blaster(s) providing training to a candidate should:

• Have a minimum of two years' experience within the same class qualification
• Have no certificate suspensions within the past two years
• Be competent and knowledgeable in the endorsements held

For more information on qualifications for trainers, including documentation requirements, see OHS Guideline 21.8.

Continuing Professional Development

Every year during the term of a blaster's certificate, the blaster must receive at least six hours of continuing professional development relating to best practices in blasting. Professional development can be obtained through the International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE) or other organizations. For more information on professional development requirements and topics, see OHS Guideline G21.8.1.

Health and Safety Program

Under the Regulation, employers must develop and implement an effective health and safety program for their workplace. They must also train workers and supervisors in relevant sections of the program.

A health and safety program helps ensure a safe, productive workplace by describing specific tasks and responsibilities for many different aspects of an employer's operation. An effective health and safety program for any workplace must include the following:

• A written occupational health and safety policy that:
  • States the employer's commitment to health and safety.
  • States the program's objectives.
  • Defines the responsibilities and roles of the employer, supervisors, and workers.
• Written safe work procedures and emergency response procedures.
• Instruction and supervision of workers.
• Regular worksite inspections. (The definition of "regular" depends on the conditions and number of shifts for each individual site.)
• Regular health and safety meetings.
• Accident investigation procedures.
• Records and statistics.
• A joint health and safety committee or worker health and safety representative, if required. (For more information, see "Regular health and safety meetings" below.)

Remember that every worksite is different. Although these general elements may be common to health and safety programs across the province, employers cannot expect to copy a program from another worksite. Instead, they must develop and implement a health and safety program unique to their own operation.

Managing Health and Safety Risks

Identifying hazards and controlling the risks associated with them help keep workers safe from injury. There are three steps to managing health and safety risks:

1. Identify the hazards.
2. Assess the risks.
3. Control the risks.

1. Identifying Hazards

As an employer or supervisor, you should identify and eliminate hazards during the planning phase of a project. You can also identify hazards by doing workplace inspections. Consider the following when identifying hazards:

• Assess the equipment, materials, and tools workers are using. Consider how workers will be using them.
• Analyze the design, layout, and conditions of the work areas.
• Observe how workers are doing their tasks.
• Encourage workers to take part in hazard identification.

2. Assessing Risks

Once you've identified hazards, assess the risks associated with them. Try to determine how likely an incident is and how serious it would be.

3. Controlling Risks

After you've identified hazards and assessed the risks, look for ways to control each hazard without delay. If possible, eliminate the hazard entirely.

If that's not practicable, control the risks as much as possible. For example, it may not be practicable to eliminate noise when using a drill. Instead, the employer must implement a hearing conservation program. This includes:

• Educating workers about the noise hazards
• Ensuring workers wear hearing protection when working with or near drills
• Ensuring hearing tests are conducted

For more information on hearing conservation programs, see Part 7 of the Regulation.

Hierarchy of Controls

Some types of controls are more effective than others, although it may not always be practicable to use the more effective solution. Whenever possible, though, you must implement controls in the following order:

1. Elimination - Physically remove the hazard
2. Substitution - Replace the hazard with a safer alternative
3. Engineering controls - Isolate people from the hazard
4. Administrative controls - Change the way people work
5. PPE - Protect the worker with personal protective equipment

Note that while the controls are listed in order of effectiveness, you must consider all four remaining types of controls if you can't eliminate the hazard. They often work best in combination.

For example, when drilling rock or using products containing crystalline silica, you may need to use several of the following to control the hazard effectively:

• Engineering controls (e.g., vacuum systems and wetting controls)
• Administrative controls (e.g., exposure control plans, work procedures, signage, enclosures, and work area arrangements)
• PPE (e.g., respiratory protection, protective clothing or suits, and gloves)

References

Regulation:

• Section 3.16(2), Basic requirements
• Sections 4.13, 4.48, and 4.49, Risk assessment
• Section 6.6, Assessment and classification
• Sections 6.59.1 and 6.112, Risk assessment

Web (worksafebc.com):

• Managing risk
• Controlling risks

Orientation, Education, Training, and Supervision

An occupational health and safety program should describe the type of education and training that will be provided to workers and when it will be provided. For example, workers should receive instruction in the safe work procedures they must follow when performing hazardous tasks. Workers should also be instructed about site hazards and trained in the use of emergency equipment and procedures.

Employers should ensure that, before starting work, young or new workers receive a health and safety orientation and training specific to the workplace. A young worker is any worker under age 25.

References

Regulation:

• Sections 3.1 to 3.3, Occupational health and safety programs
• Sections 3.22 to 3.25, Young or new workers

Publication:

• Creating and Managing a Healthy and Safe Workplace

Web:

• Young & new workers

Checklist:

• Young and New Worker Orientation Checklist

Orientations and Ongoing Education

At the end of the hiring process, employers need to make sure that new or young workers get off to a good start. Orientations are important because they provide an opportunity to establish health and safety guidelines and requirements before a worker starts at a new job or location. Health and safety education is an ongoing process.

Employers need to provide instruction to workers whenever there are changes in the workplace, such as a new work process or piece of equipment. The person conducting the orientation should know the workplace well and understand all the items on the orientation checklist.

Topics an Orientation Should Include

Orientations must occur on the first day of employment, before work begins. Workers must not perform any tasks until the orientation is complete. Orientations should include the following:

• Direction that workers should not perform any task they're not trained to do safely
• Encouragement to ask questions whenever workers are unsure of anything
• An introduction to the joint committee or worker health and safety representative
• Information on who the direct supervisor will be and the supervisor's contact information

In addition, workers should be informed of the following:

• Employer and worker rights and responsibilities, including reporting unsafe conditions and refusing unsafe work
• Workplace health and safety rules
• Potential hazards, such as falling objects, working around heavy equipment, vibration, and silica exposure
• Procedures for working alone or in isolation
• Procedures for workplace violence
• Bullying and harassment policy
• Required PPE
• Locations of first aid facilities and how to summon first aid
• How to report illnesses and injuries
• Emergency procedures
• Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) requirements that apply to their tasks
• Contact information for the joint health and safety committee (or worker health and safety representative, if applicable)

Employers should provide young or new workers with additional orientation and training if the worker isn't able to perform work tasks safely or the worker asks for more training.

Ongoing Education

Ongoing education is an important part of worker education and training. One example of ongoing education is the tailgate meeting. Tailgate meetings are brief safety talks where, in as little as five minutes, workers can learn about workplace health and safety topics and ask questions.

Tailgate Meeting Topics

Training

All workers need supervised, hands-on training in how to safely perform their tasks before starting a job. The following three steps describe a general procedure supervisors can follow when training new workers.

1. Prepare the Worker

• Explain the job in detail, including any safety precautions or required PPE.
• Encourage the worker to ask questions. Take the time to answer them fully.

2. Train the Worker

• Demonstrate and describe specific procedures, including all safety precautions.
• Go through procedures at normal speed, then repeat them slowly while the worker asks questions.
• Watch the worker perform procedures until the worker can do them exactly as required.
• Answer any questions or repeat any key points that the worker may have missed.
• Keep written records of training. Document who was trained, when they were trained, who did the training, and what the training included.

3. Check Progress and Observe the Worker on the Job

• Monitor new workers to ensure they're maintaining safety standards.
• Make unscheduled checkup visits. As the worker progresses, make visits shorter and less frequent.
• Correct unsafe work habits.
• Reinforce and recognize good work habits.

Supervision

If you're directing another worker, you're a supervisor. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring the health and safety of workers under their supervision. Supervision includes the following:

• Explain the hazards of the job.
• Instruct new workers in safe work procedures. Document the instruction.
• Ensure that workers have been trained for their assigned tasks, including safety precautions and safe work procedures. Document this training.
• Ensure that safety equipment and PPE are used when required and maintained in good working order. Document safety equipment and PPE maintenance.
• Ensure that workers handle and store all materials safely.
• Instruct new workers on how to report safety hazards and on their right to refuse unsafe work.
• Enforce health and safety requirements.
• Implement risk controls for identified hazards.
• Correct unsafe acts or conditions that you observe or that workers bring to your attention. Document any steps taken.
• Monitor worker safety behaviours and well-being.
• Set a good example in areas such as following safe work procedures and using PPE.

Workplace Inspections

Employers need to correct hazards they observe from day to day. They also need to set aside time for regular workplace safety inspections. And they need to control any hazards found during inspections. It's far better and less costly to prevent incidents than to deal with their consequences. Because safety inspections are preventive in nature, they're an important part of an occupational health and safety program.

When to Inspect

Workplace inspections need to be done at intervals appropriate to the risk to prevent unsafe working conditions from developing. An inspection must also be done when a new process has been added or after an incident. Inspection is an ongoing task because the workplace is always changing.

References

Regulation:

• Section 3.5, General requirement (for workplace inspections)

Publication:

• Safety Inspections Workbook

Who Should Inspect

Inspections should be conducted by a supervisor and a worker who are familiar with the work process. If possible, a member of the joint health and safety committee (or the worker health and safety representative, if applicable) should be involved.

How to Inspect

During an inspection, the goal is to identify unsafe conditions and acts that could result in an incident so that risk controls can be implemented. If you're carrying out an inspection, follow these guidelines:

• Use a checklist to ensure the inspection is thorough and consistent with previous inspections.
• Ask yourself what hazards are associated with the tasks you're observing or that would be performed in the work area.
• Observe how workers perform tasks. Do they follow safe work procedures and use PPE as required?
• Ask workers about the hazards associated with their tasks and how they safely perform the tasks.
• Talk to workers about what they're doing. Ask about safety concerns.
• Record any unsafe actions or conditions that you observe.
• Keep inspections on file for two years.

At first, inspections may seem slow and difficult. But over time, they'll become much easier. They'll also help make the health and safety program more effective.

What to Inspect

A few examples of things to inspect include the following:

• Buildings, structures, and grounds
• Excavations
• Tools, equipment, and machinery
• Work methods and practices

However, there are different ways of approaching safety inspections, depending on the nature of the task or area being inspected. The most common approaches are intermittent inspections, continuous inspections, and planned inspections.

Intermittent Inspections

Intermittent inspections are generally performed daily and involve supervisors walking through the work area and checking to see that workers are:

• Wearing the proper PPE
• Following proper procedures
• Correctly loading and unloading equipment

Intermittent inspections are limited in scope, and not all areas will be inspected at every visit.

Continuous Inspections

Continuous inspections apply only to specific equipment and processes, such as electrical cords, pressure vessels, ropes, lifting devices, or any other item that requires specific inspection each time it's used. Continuous inspections are usually done by the worker in charge of the equipment.

Planned Inspections

Planned inspections are formal and documented.

First Aid

Employers must ensure that workers have access to adequate first aid treatment and supplies at all times during work periods. The factors influencing first aid requirements include the number of workers per shift, hazard levels, and distance to a hospital. First aid services must be provided in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation.

The following table describes the minimum first aid requirements for blasting operations.

For sites more than 20 minutes from a hospital, requirements increase. Always refer to Schedule 3-A of the Regulation for detailed requirements.

References

Regulation:

• Part 3, Division 6, First Aid

Web (worksafebc.com):

• First Aid Requirements

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE acts as a barrier between workers and potential hazards. PPE may include items for hearing, eye, hand, foot, head, and body protection, as well as respiratory protection. Employers must ensure that PPE is:

• Available to workers
• Used when required
• Used properly
• Properly fitted, cleaned, maintained, and stored
• Inspected before each use

Workers must:

• Use PPE as directed
• Inspect PPE before each use
• Report any PPE defects or damage to their supervisor

Hearing Protection

Blasting operations can expose workers to noise hazards from drilling, heavy equipment, and blasts. If workers are exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dBA Lex (daily noise exposure level), the employer must implement a hearing conservation program.

Hearing protection devices include:

• Earplugs (disposable or reusable)
• Earmuffs
• Canal caps

Workers must be trained in the proper use, fit, and care of hearing protection.

Eye and Face Protection

Eye and face protection is required when there's a risk of injury from:

• Flying particles
• Molten metal
• Liquid chemicals
• Acids or caustic liquids
• Chemical gases or vapours
• Light radiation

Types of eye and face protection include:

• Safety glasses (with side shields)
• Safety goggles
• Face shields
• Welding helmets

Hand Protection

Workers must wear appropriate hand protection when there's a risk of injury from:

• Cuts or abrasions
• Punctures
• Chemical burns
• Thermal burns
• Harmful temperature extremes
• Absorption of hazardous substances

The type of glove depends on the hazard. Options include leather gloves, cut-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant gloves, and insulated gloves.

Limb and Body Protection

Workers must wear appropriate limb and body protection when there's a risk of injury from:

• Impact
• Cuts or punctures
• Entanglement
• Chemical exposure
• Extreme temperatures

Protective clothing may include coveralls, aprons, arm guards, and leg guards.

Foot Protection

Workers must wear appropriate foot protection on construction sites and in other areas where there's a risk of foot injury. CSA-approved safety footwear is required. The type depends on the hazard:

• Grade 1 (green triangle) - Puncture-resistant soles
• Metatarsal protection for crush hazards
• Electrical hazard protection

Head Protection

Workers must wear appropriate head protection where there's a danger of head injury from falling, flying, or thrown objects, or from contact with electric circuits.

CSA-approved hard hats must be:

• Properly fitted
• In good condition
• Replaced if damaged, worn, or aged beyond the manufacturer's recommended service life

High-Visibility Clothing

High-visibility (hi-vis) apparel is required when workers are exposed to the hazard of being struck by moving vehicles or equipment. The level of hi-vis required depends on the traffic conditions and background environment.

Respiratory Protection

When workers may be exposed to harmful airborne contaminants (dust, fumes, gases, vapours), the employer must first try to eliminate or reduce the exposure using engineering or administrative controls. If that's not practicable, respiratory protection must be provided.

The employer must implement a respiratory protection program that includes:

• Selection of appropriate respirators
• Fit testing
• Training in use and maintenance
• Medical evaluation when required

Types of respirators include:

• Filtering facepiece respirators (N95, etc.)
• Half-face or full-face air-purifying respirators
• Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs)
• Supplied-air respirators

References

Regulation:

• Part 8, Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment

Web (worksafebc.com):

• Personal Protective Equipment

Regular Health and Safety Meetings

Employers must ensure that regular health and safety meetings are held. These meetings provide an opportunity to:

• Discuss workplace hazards and how to control them
• Review incidents and near misses
• Discuss changes to work processes or equipment
• Provide safety-related training
• Allow workers to raise health and safety concerns

Depending on the size of the workplace, the employer may be required to establish a joint health and safety committee or designate a worker health and safety representative.

Joint Health and Safety Committee

A joint health and safety committee is required at a workplace where:

• 20 or more workers are regularly employed, or
• WorkSafeBC orders that a committee be established

The committee must:

• Include both worker and employer representatives
• Meet regularly (at least monthly for most workplaces)
• Identify hazards and recommend corrective action
• Review incident investigation reports
• Participate in inspections and investigations

Worker Health and Safety Representative

A worker health and safety representative is required at a workplace where:

• 10 to 19 workers are regularly employed
• No joint committee is required

Emergency Response Plans

Employers must develop written emergency response procedures appropriate for the hazards of the workplace. The procedures must be available to all workers.

An emergency response plan should include:

• Identification of potential emergencies (fire, explosion, medical emergency, severe weather, etc.)
• Alarm systems and procedures
• Emergency response procedures for each type of emergency
• Evacuation procedures and routes
• Assembly points
• Emergency contacts and communication procedures
• Roles and responsibilities during emergencies
• First aid and rescue procedures
• Training requirements

Workers must be trained in emergency procedures and participate in regular drills.

References

Regulation:

• Section 4.13, Emergency procedures

Publication:

• Small Business Guide to Emergency Planning

Records and Statistics

Employers must keep health and safety records as required by the Regulation. Records help employers track health and safety performance, identify trends, and make improvements.

Records that must be kept include:

• Written health and safety policy
• Exposure control plans
• Worker training records
• Workplace inspection reports
• Incident investigation reports
• First aid records
• Joint committee meeting minutes
• Equipment inspection and maintenance records
• Blasting logs

Records must be kept for the periods specified in the Regulation. Many records must be kept for at least three years.

Incident Investigation

Employers must investigate incidents that:

• Result in serious injury to a worker
• Had the potential to cause serious injury
• Involve a major structural failure or collapse
• Involve the release of a hazardous substance
• Are required to be reported to WorkSafeBC

The purpose of an incident investigation is to determine the causes of the incident and identify corrective actions to prevent a recurrence.

Investigation Steps

1. Investigate Immediately

Begin the investigation as soon as possible after the incident. The longer you wait, the more evidence may be lost or altered.

2. Secure the Area

If possible, secure the incident area to preserve evidence. Do not disturb the scene except to:

• Rescue injured persons
• Prevent further injuries
• Prevent further damage

Some incidents must be preserved for investigation by WorkSafeBC or other authorities.

3. Collect Evidence

Gather all relevant information, including:

• Physical evidence (equipment, materials, conditions)
• Photographs and diagrams
• Documents (procedures, training records, inspection reports)
• Environmental conditions (weather, lighting, noise)

4. Interview Witnesses

Interview all witnesses as soon as possible. Ask open-ended questions and allow witnesses to describe what they saw in their own words. Interview witnesses separately.

5. Identify Root Causes

Look beyond the immediate causes to find the root causes - the underlying factors that allowed the incident to occur. Use a systematic approach such as the "5 Whys" technique.

6. Write the Report

Document your findings in a written report. The report should include:

• Description of the incident
• Who was involved
• When and where it occurred
• What happened
• Analysis of causes
• Recommended corrective actions

7. Communicate Findings and Implement Corrective Actions

Share the findings with workers and implement corrective actions promptly. Follow up to ensure that corrective actions are effective.

References

Regulation:

• Section 3.4, General duties of employers (incident investigation)
• Part 3, Division 10, Incident Investigation

Publication:

• Incident Investigation Workbook